Joseph Pilates, a legendary physical trainer from Germany, developed his physical fitness system in the early 1920s. He concentrated on using the mind to control the body, referring to his method as “Contrology.” Pilates published two books on his technique: Return to Life Through Contrology and Your Health: A Corrective System of Exercising That Revolutionizes the Entire Field of Physical Education.

In 1925, Pilates met his future wife, Clara, while immigrating to the United States. Together, they founded a studio in New York City, where they taught the first-ever Pilates classes and began training future instructors. Among the couple’s disciples are Carola Trier, Eve Gentry, Ron Fletcher and Romana Kryzanowska.

Although it’s considered a whole-body system, the Pilates method specifically targets the core, strengthening the abdominal muscles, lower back and buttocks. Emphasis on centering oneself during exercise also results in improved posture, balance and coordination. Additional physical benefits include increased flexibility and peripheral mobility, as well as leaner musculature. Due to its low-impact nature, Pilates is also a very accessible form of exercise, making it useful for individuals undergoing physical rehabilitation.

Since it’s a mind-body practice, Pilates stimulates a variety of mental health benefits as well, including increased concentration, calmness and general well-being. It may also reduce insomnia, stress and anxiety, promoting healthy sleeping habits and relaxation instead.